MPP+ iodide, 25mg

MPP+ iodide (N-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium Iodide), the metabolite of a neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neuronsin substantia nigra. MPP+ induces autophagic cell deathin SH-SY5Y cells. MPP+ induces dopamine transporter (DAT)externalization in dopaminergic (DA) neurons, but internalization of serotonin transporter (SERT)in serotonergic (5-HT) neurons.