Berberine chloride hydrate, 1g

Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) chloride hydrate is a quaternary ammonium salt from the group of isoquinoline alkaloids. Berberine activates caspase 3and caspase 8, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP)and the release of cytochrome c. Berberine chloride decreases the expression of c-IAP1, Bcl-2and Bcl-XL. Berberine chloride induces apoptosiswith sustained phosphorylation of JNKand p38 MAPK, as well as generation of the ROS. Berberine chloride is a dual topoisomerase Iand IIinhibitor. Berberine chloride is also a potential autophagymodulator.